E Governance  Introduction:  0. In general, governance is a process of using and controlling the state power. In other words, governance is managerial work performed by government.  0. Governance is the way of using power in legitimate way to control, regulate and conduct the governing activities. 0. Traditionally governance used to be autocratic and ruler centered but in modern era many new approaches have come into scenarios. Governance system started to become democratic, transparent and people centered. E-governance is one of the new approach. 0. It is the efficient way of delivering the service by using modern technology. 0. It helps to connect all concerned parties d of governance system to coordinate, manage, direct and control the governance system 0. It is also called paperless governance, e governance or ice based governance. Characteristics  • It is new and emerging concept in governance system. • It is a way of quick and efficient public service delivery  • Best wa

                                 Geography of Nepal: Nepal:- 147181 square km. (Area) ( 57,827 square miles)   (Kalapani , Lipulek , Limpiyadhura) to issue a map with:- Ø   Decision of the Government of Nepal:- 2077 June 5 Ø   New map released:- 2077 2 5 Ø   Published in the Gazette :- 2077-3-4   Constitution and Nepal Ø   Article 288 of the Constitution of Nepal   states that Kathmandu will be the capital of Nepal. Ø   In Article 4, the state of Nepal is mentioned in relation to geography. Ø   Declaration of Kathmandu, the capital of modern Nepal: - V. No. 1826 Chaitra 10   East West Length :- 885 km. North South Width - 133 km.   Treaty of Sugauli: March ३ , 1816 Ø   Rajguru Gajraj Mishra + Chandrasekhar Upadhyay on behalf of Nepal Ø   East India - Bradshaw (Dec 2, 1815) Ø   At that time King Girvanyuddha Vikram Shah + Prime Minister Bhimsen Thapa Ø   of Nepal before Sugauli Treaty : २०४९१७ sq . km.   Total international border of

          भूमिका : - कुनै पनि देशको संविधान निर्माण गर्दा के कस्ता विषयवस्तुहरुलाई संविधानमा समावेश गर्ने भन्ने कुरा संविधान निर्माताको ईच्छा , सवैंधानिक कानूनका आधारभूत मूल्य एवं मान्यता , संविधान निर्माण गर्नु पर्नाका कारण , तत्कालिन आवश्यकता , देशको वस्तुगत र धरातलीय यथार्थता आदिमा निर्भर गर्दछ । यस परिप्रेक्ष्यमा संविधानमा राज्यका निर्देशक सिद्धान्त तथा नीतिहरु राख्ने वा नराख्ने भन्ने कुरा पनि संविधान निर्माताको इच्छाको विषय हो । संसारका विभिन्न देशका संविधानको अध्ययन गर्दा १९३६ मा आइरिस संविधानले यी विषयलाई पहिलो पटक समावेश गरिएको पाइदा सो भन्दा अगाडि निर्मित संविधानमा यस्ता व्यवस्था रहेको पाइदैन। संविधानमा निर्देशक सिद्धान्त तथा न ी तिहरु राख्ने देशमा पनि विषयवस्तुहरु फरक फरक तरिकाले प्रस्तुत गरेको पाईन्छ । त्यसैगरी निर्देशक सिद्धान्तको नामाकरण पनि फरक फरक तरिकाले गरेको पाइन्छ । जस्तो पाकिस्तानको संविधानमा " नीतिका सिद्धान्त " नामिवियाको संविधानले " राज्य